Native Americans and Alcohol Essay -- Native American History

Northern Native Americans were faced with many great hardships with the arrival of the Europeans, Spanish and the French. American Indians had thrived on American soil for thousands of years with great prosperity. Living among each other in a local economy and communities The Native Americans created a civilization that was harmonious with the land and spiritual world that surrounded them. They were able to sustain their survival from the living plants and animals that lived among them in this over abundant country and all of it's rich resources. Many different tribes thrived on this land by adapting well with the elements around them. They were able to use the one living animal that co-existed with their people and made sure that a good kill was worth the effort and danger that encountered it. The Native Americans were able to use every part of the animal killed from the hide to the hoofs in an effort of survival and to counter balance the spiritual world that engulfed their heritage. The natives would give back to the world that gave unto them. With an unfortelling future the Native Americans were not prepared for what storm was about to come ashore. Europeans would soon arrive and bring the Natives demise in more ways then one(Jones-Saumty). In 1492 Christopher Columbus was said to be the first arrival on American soil from the East. Columbus would bring many new and different commodities unseen by the Natives of this world. Europeans and the Spanish brought many commodities for their own survival in this new territory, such as plants and even animals. According to Calloway some of the food items brought from England and Spain were rice, wheat, barley,... ....1 ( 1998 )166-167 George and Barbara Perkins, â€Å" The American Tradition in Literature ,† ( Boston ) Mcgraw Hill, 2009 Robert s. Young, Jennie R. Joe. â€Å" Some Thoughts About Epidemiology of Alcohol and Drug Use Among American Indian Population†. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. Vol. 8 Iss 3:(2009) 223 â€Å"What Prevents American Indians from Seeking Treatment for Alcohol Issues?† Web. 23 May 2015. Www.Goodtherapy.com/ Mancall, Peter C. "Men, women, and alcohol in Indian villages in the Great Lakes region in the early republic." Journal of the Early Republic. Indianapolis: Fall 1995. Vol. 15, Iss. 3; p. 425 William Laurence Saunders "The Colonial Records of North Carolina", Volume 5 1887. Web. 23 May 2015. https://books.google.com/ Craig Andrew, Robert B. Edgarton. "Drunken Comportment: A Social Explanation". Eliot Werner Publications. 2003

Frostbite Chapter 17

Seventeen WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU'RE doing?† she demanded. Her voice was still too loud as far as I was concerned. â€Å"Nothing, I- â€Å" â€Å"Excuse us, Lord Ivashkov,† she growled. Then, like I was five years old, she grabbed me by my arm and jerked me out of the room. Champagne sloshed out of my glass and splashed onto the skirt of my dress. â€Å"What do you think you're doing?† I exclaimed, once we were out in the hall. Mournfully, I looked down at my dress. â€Å"This is silk. You could have ruined it.† She grabbed the champagne flute and set it down on a nearby table. â€Å"Good. Maybe it'll stop you from dressing up like a cheap whore.† â€Å"Whoa,† I said, shocked. â€Å"That's kind of harsh. And where do you get off turning motherly all of a sudden?† I gestured to the dress. â€Å"This isn't exactly cheap. You thought it was nice of Tasha to give it to me.† â€Å"That's because I didn't expect you to wear it out with Moroi and make a spectacle of yourself.† â€Å"I'm not making a spectacle of myself. And anyway, it covers everything up.† â€Å"A dress that tight might as well be showing everything,† she retorted. She, of course, was dressed in guardian black: tailored black linen pants and a matching blazer. She had a few curves of her own, but the clothing hid them. â€Å"Especially when you're with a group like that. Your body's†¦conspicuous. And flirting with Moroi doesn't really help.† â€Å"I wasn't flirting with him.† The accusation made me angry because I felt I'd been on really good behavior lately. I used to flirt all the time- and do other things- with Moroi guys, but after a few talks and one embarrassing incident with Dimitri, I'd realized how stupid that was. Dhampir girls did have to be careful with Moroi guys, and I kept that in mind all the time now. Something petty occurred to me. â€Å"Besides,† I said mockingly, â€Å"isn't that what I'm supposed to do? Hook up with a Moroi and further my race? It's what you did.† She glowered. â€Å"Not when I was your age.† â€Å"You were only a few years older than me.† â€Å"Don't do anything stupid, Rose,† she said. â€Å"You're too young for a baby. You don't have the life experience for it- you haven't even lived your own life yet. You won't be able to do the kind of job you wish you could.† I groaned, mortified. â€Å"Are we really even discussing this? How did we go from me allegedly flirting to suddenly having a litter? I'm not having sex with him or anyone else, and even if I were, I know about birth control. Why are you talking to me like I'm a child?† â€Å"Because you act like one.† It was remarkably like what Dimitri had told me. I glared. â€Å"So you're going to send me to my room now?† â€Å"No, Rose.† She suddenly looked tired. â€Å"You don't have to go to your room, but don't go back in there, either. Hopefully you didn't draw too much attention.† â€Å"You make it sound like I was giving a lap dance in there,† I told her. â€Å"I just had dinner with Lissa.† â€Å"You'd be surprised what things can spark rumors,† she warned. â€Å"Especially with Adrian Ivashkov.† With that, she turned and headed off down the hall. Watching her, I felt anger and resentment burn through me. Overreact much? I hadn't done anything wrong. I knew she had her whole blood-whore paranoia, but this was extreme, even for her. Worst of all, she'd dragged me out of there, and several people had witnessed it. For someone who supposedly didn't want me attracting attention, she'd kind of messed that one up. A couple of Moroi who'd been standing near Adrian and me walked out of the room. They glanced in my direction and then whispered something as they passed. â€Å"Thanks, Mom,† I muttered to myself. Humiliated, I stalked off in the opposite direction, not really sure where I was going. I headed out toward the back of the lodge, away from all the activity. The hall eventually ended, but a door leading to some stairs sat on the left. The door was unlocked, so I followed the stairs upward to another door. To my pleasure, it opened up onto a small rooftop deck that didn't appear to see much use. A blanket of snow lay over it all, but it was early morning out here, and the sun shone brightly, making everything glitter. I brushed snow off of a large, box-like object that looked to be part of the ventilation system. Heedless of my dress, I sat down on it. Wrapping my arms around myself, I stared off, taking in the view and the sun I rarely got to enjoy. I was startled when the door opened a few minutes later. When I looked back I was even more startled still to see Dimitri emerge. My heart gave a small flutter, and I turned away, unsure what to think. His boots crunched in the snow as he walked over to where I was sitting. A moment later, he took off his long coat and draped it over my shoulders. He sat down beside me. â€Å"You must be freezing.† I was, but I didn't want to admit it. â€Å"The sun's out.† He tipped his head back, looking up at the perfect blue sky. I knew he missed the sun as much as I did sometimes. â€Å"It is. But we're still on a mountain in the middle of winter.† I didn't answer. We sat there in a comfortable silence for a while. Occasionally, a light wind blew clouds of snow around. It was night for Moroi, and most would be going to bed soon, so the ski runs were quiet. â€Å"My life is a disaster,† I finally said. â€Å"It's not a disaster,† he said automatically. â€Å"Did you follow me from the party?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I didn't even know you were there.† His dark clothes indicated he must have been on guardian duty at the party. â€Å"So you saw the illustrious Janine cause a commotion by dragging me out.† â€Å"It wasn't a commotion. Hardly anyone noticed. I saw because I was watching you.† I refused to let myself get excited over that. â€Å"That's not what she said,† I told him. â€Å"I might as well have been working a corner as far as she was concerned.† I relayed the conversation from the hallway. â€Å"She's just worried about you,† Dimitri said when I finished. â€Å"She overreacted.† â€Å"Sometimes mothers are overprotective.† I stared at him. â€Å"Yeah, but this is my mother. And she didn't seem that protective, really. I think she was more worried I'd embarrass her or something. And all that becoming-a-mother-too-young stuff was stupid. I'm not going to do anything like that.† â€Å"Maybe she wasn't talking about you,† he said. More silence. My jaw fell open. You don't have the life experience for it- you haven't even lived your own life yet. You won't be able to do the kind of job you wish you could. My mom had been twenty when I was born. Growing up, that had always seemed really old to me. But now†¦that was only a few years off for me. Not old at all. Did she think she'd had me too soon? Had she done a shoddy job raising me simply because she didn't know any better at the time? Did she regret the way things had turned out between us? And was it†¦ was it maybe possible that she'd had some personal experience of her own with Moroi men and people spreading rumors about her? I had inherited a lot of her features. I mean, I'd even noticed tonight what a nice figure she had. She had a pretty face, too- for a nearly forty-year-old, I mean. She'd probably been really, really good-looking when she was younger†¦. I sighed. I didn't want to think about that. If I did, I might have to reevaluate my relationship with her- maybe even acknowledge my mother as a real person- and I already had too many relationships stressing me. Lissa always worried me, even though she seemed to be okay for a change. My so-called romance with Mason was in shambles. And then, of course, there was Dimitri†¦. â€Å"We aren't fighting right now.† I blurted out. He gave me a sidelong look. â€Å"Do you want to fight?† â€Å"No. I hate fighting with you. Verbally, I mean. I don't mind in the gym.† I thought I detected the hint of a smile. Always a half-smile for me. Rarely a full one. â€Å"I don't like fighting with you either.† Sitting next to him there, I marveled at the warm and happy emotions springing up inside of me. There was something about being around him that felt so good, that moved me in a way Mason couldn't. You can't force love, I realized. It's there or it isn't. If it's not there, you've got to be able to admit it. If it is there, you've got to do whatever it takes to protect the ones you love. The next words that came out of my mouth astonished me, both because they were completely unselfish and because I actually meant them. â€Å"You should take it.† He flinched. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Tasha's offer. You should take her up on it. It's a really great chance.† I remembered my mom's words about being ready for children. I wasn't. Maybe she hadn't been. But Tasha was. And I knew Dimitri was too. They got along really well. He could go be her guardian, have some kids with her †¦ it would be a good deal for both of them. â€Å"I never expected to hear you say anything like that,† he told me, voice tight. â€Å"Especially after- â€Å" â€Å"What a bitch I've been? Yeah.† I tugged his coat tighter against the cold. It smelled like him. It was intoxicating, and I could half-imagine being wrapped in his embrace. Adrian might have been onto something about the power of scent. â€Å"Well. Like I said, I don't want to fight anymore. I don't want us to hate each other. And†¦well †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I squeezed my eyes shut and then opened them. â€Å"No matter how I feel about us †¦ I want you to be happy.† Silence yet again. I noticed then that my chest hurt. Dimitri reached out and put his arm around me. He pulled me to him, and I rested my head on his chest. â€Å"Roza,† was all he said. It was the first time he'd really touched me since the night of the lust charm. The practice room had been something different †¦ more animal. This wasn't even about sex. It was just about being close to someone you cared about, about the emotion that kind of connection flooded you with. Dimitri might run off with Tasha, but I would still love him. I would probably always love him. I cared about Mason. But I would probably never love him. I sighed into Dimitri, just wishing I could stay like that forever. It felt right being with him. And- no matter how much the thought of him and Tasha made me ache- doing what was best for him felt right. Now, I knew, it was time to stop being a coward and do something else that was right. Mason had said I needed to learn something about myself. I just had. Reluctantly, I pulled away and handed Dimitri his coat. I stood up. He regarded me curiously, sensing my unease. â€Å"Where you going?† he asked. â€Å"To break someone's heart,† I replied. I admired Dimitri for a heartbeat more- the dark, knowing eyes and silken hair. Then I headed inside. I had to apologize to Mason†¦and tell him there'd never be anything between us.

Essays for IELTS What You Need to Know

When the question is about the IELTS tests, the individual is required to generate two absolutely different pieces of writing in a quite short period of time. The candidate for the IELTS test deals with two parts of it (60 minutes to cope with both segments). So, what are you supposed to know about when writing the essays for IELTS? Reading the Question Is a Must-to-Do What the writer will be required to do at first is to read the questions several times carefully. As a rule, the questions of this kind will ask you to cope with three or four different things (in addition to the main question). Make sure to jot them down and then refer to them in your answers. The examiner of the IELTS test will 100% check it. You Must Practice! Make sure to practice writing tasks within the set limits of time. It is really not really important if you can produce a stunning answer in three hours. What you have to do is to recreate the real-life conditions of the exam, when working on any sort of practice assignments. Planning Is Essential Plan before you start writing. Although you’re under strict time pressure, make sure to spend the first few minutes on planning of your work. Make a decision regarding what you are going to say and in what manner you will open up the topic. Once you determine what you will be writing on, you will be able to focus on the how aspect of the writing. Make sure to experiment with the mind-mapping techniques and different kinds of outlining in order to learn how to draw u a quick plan. Make an Introduction This part must be short. The point is that you have only forty minutes to produce an essay, and some of them you will spend on planning. In other words, you have to be able to generate a hooking introduction really fast. Just do two things: state the essay topic and say what you’re going to talk about. Write the Body Paragraphs For the IELTS essay, you must provide two or three body paragraphs. Include one controlling idea in every paragraph and provide supportive sentences. Write legibly and clearly. This is not the time to experiment. Your text shouldn’t be messy or contain unclear idioms. Use clear and simple English that your examiner will be able to read and understand. Task 1 or Task 2 – What Are You Supposed to Choose First? Remember, the essay for the IELTS is worth twice the marks of the whole report. One idea is to work on the essay (the task #2) before the report (the assignment #1), just to make sure you cope with the essay. Your really need at least twenty minutes to complete the first part though. No need to try to provide the answer for it in fifteen minutes.

Cubism Expressionism Essay - 668 Words

In this paper I will be comparing the expressionist art movement with the cubist art movement. I will discuss some of the artists that made these movements a stepping-stone for the other movement that followed. I will look at Picasso and Kandinsky to name a couple. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Expressionism, which began in 1905, was the term used for early 20th century art that conveyed emotional and spiritual preoccupations of the artist, using a variety of styles and subject matter (Arnason 124). These expressionist artists built on techniques of the post-impressionist movement; they generally relied on simple and powerful shapes that were direct and sometimes crude expression (Arnason 124). All this was to heighten the emotional†¦show more content†¦Born in Moscow 1866, he studied law at the University of Moscow, and declined a professorship to be able to go and study painting (Arnason 134). History of Modern Art textbook says that he always had devoted much time to the questions between music and art (135). When you look at Kandinsky’s works, it seems that the strokes he made had a rhythmic lines, and colors to them. Picasso on the other, want you see is just all kinds of different size shapes mixing together. When I look at Picasso cubist work I tend to not be able to tell what it was he was looking at when he painted. If I don’t read the titles of some of his works I would have never known it to be that. Pablo Picasso was born in Spain in 1881. He achieved legendary status within his timelife, in which his career dominated three-quarters of the century (Arnason 155). He studied art since he was a child. His father being a painter I bet must have helped bit. But he did become rebellious against his father (Arnason 158). He continued to paint and had one of his paintings selected to be hung in Paris in an exposition (Arnason 158). Braque was also associated with the cubism period. For he met Pablo Picasso in 1907 who had studied works of Cezanne and had also been fascinated with the Demoiselles. Braque worked very close to Picasso that their works resemble each others so much that I cannot differentiate them when they were in the analytic cubism periodShow MoreRelatedModernist Modernism : High Modernism Vs. Low Modernism1944 Words   |  8 Pageswhy some became so influential. High modernism was avant-garde or very experimental, being much more abstract to both traditional works and Low modernism. High modernism had high intellectual ideas, in which the movements strived towards such as expressionism which projected the world in a distorted reality to express emotional experiences rather than a physical reality. In ‘Modernism 1914- 1939: Designing a new world’ it says how [high] modernism was not a conceived style but rather a collection ofRead MoreAfricas Influence on Western Art Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pages1907. 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Cubism, first started by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, was unlike traditional still-lifes, landscapes, or portrait paintings (Fiero, pg. 395.) Cubist paintings aren’t meant to be realistic or life-like in any way. Instead, after looking at the subjectRead MorePaul Klee Biography Essay606 Words   |  3 Pages His parents pushed music in their household however the rebellious Paul viewed music of the time as â€Å"meaningless† and stuck to the path of drawing and art. Paul Klee’s artwork was heavily influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, futurism, cubism, and surrealism. Although widely known for his physically small, abstract artwork that resembled hieroglyphic puzzles, Klee will long be remembered for his writings that were extremely valuable to the world of modern art for years toRead MoreModernism Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesconfines of the two-dimensional surface, placing colorful fragments in harmonious arrangements to realize the essence of the motif (Miller 2017; Loran 1970), consequently, Cà ©zanne’s new pictorial imagery inspired ground-breaking art trends such as Cubism and Symbolism (Lichtenstein 1964; Medina 1995). Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (figure 3) by Georges Seurat (1884 -86), also displays how Modernism epitomizes the denunciation of previous artistic conventions. Seurat devised anRead More Effect Of Postimpressionists On The Next Generation Essay5119 Words   |  21 Pagespostimpressionism in their use of unnatural colors and distorted forms to convey emotion. Cà ©zannes blocky figures and his use of color to build and unify a composition inspired Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and French artist Georges Braque in their development of cubism. Postimpressionisms most significant legacy is a change in attitude toward art making. By placing more value on the artists response to nature than on efforts to represent natures appearance, postimpressionists created the basis for many of theRead MoreBiography Of Pablo Picasso ( 1881-1973 )1056 Words   |  5 Pagesduring this time was â€Å"The Death of Casagemas.† Later during this period â€Å"The Old Guitarist† became relevant also. Picasso art themes throughout many decades were about human struggles, mortality and pain. Although Picasso was known mainly for the Cubism period. He was the fore runner of many other periods throughout his work span. The Blue Period (1901-1904) was a penetration of the color blue and later this color dominated Picasso’s palette. Picassos’ Blue Period â€Å"consists of somber paintingsRead MoreEssay on Roy Lichtenstein893 Words   |  4 Pages In 1969 he was given a retrospective at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. His career as an artist mainly started in 1951, he usually painted cowboys and Indians in various modern art styles. In 1957 he tried his hand at Abstract Expressionism. What he is famous for though is his works based on comic strips. This all began with a painting he made of Mickey Mouse in 1960 for his children. By 1961 Lichtenstein was completely dedicated to the making of art from mass-produced, merchandising

Color blind by the Counting Crows Essay - 1030 Words

I am colorblind Coffee black and egg white Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am taffy stuck and tongue tied Stutter shook and uptight Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am fine I am covered in skin No one gets to come in Pull me out from inside I am folded and unfolded and unfolding I am colorblind Coffee black and egg white Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am fine (repeat 3 times) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The song â€Å"Colorblind† by The Counting Crows nothing less than perfect for the scene it was chosen for in the film â€Å"Cruel Intentions†. It was played was one of the film’s main characters lost her virginity to another character. Though it was a†¦show more content†¦A taffy is a relatively sticky substance. This a clear representation of how stuck he is in terms of his ambivalent feelings towards letting go of the pains of the past in order to enjoy the potential happiness of the future. â€Å"Tongue-tied† is a phrase frequently associated with the feeling of confusion, and there is no better phrase for the situation. â€Å"Stutter shook† is exactly what it sounds like. It is an indication of how shook up by the situation the writer is. Uptight is also has a direct meaning in the sense of his general apprehension towards the situation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The following four lines are repetition of previous lines and generally have the same meaning behind them. quot;I am covered my skin, / No one gets to come in, / Pull me out from insidequot;(10-12); these three lines by far has to be the most touching part of the song. It is actually sort of self explanatory in a sense. By saying he is covered in skin it is analogous to having a wall of defense up that no one can penetrate, hence the next line â€Å"No one gets to come in† (12). The next line, â€Å"I am folded and unfolded and unfolding† (13). This shows that he has decided to open up and shed the pain of the past and move on. The next lines are simply repetition and have the same meaning as previously explained. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several poetic elements within the context of this song. Most notably is the most common poetic elementShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAction Plans 59 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 80 Key Terms 80 81 HRM Workshop Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 81 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 81 Case Application 3-A: Diversity Is the New Color This Year 81 Case Application 3-B: When Oversight Fails 81 Working with a Team: What’s Your Perception? 82 Learning an HRM Skill: Investigating a Harassment Complaint 82 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 83 DID YOU KNOW?: Suggestions for RecruitingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesor only of a sub-conclusion on the way to the final conclusion? Its safe to conclude that all the patients given the AIDS antidote now have red hair. Remember, Janelle had red hair before the experiment, and there has been no change in her hair color; Rudy has fairly red hair; and Sams hair has now changed to red, hasnt it? So, all three have red hair. But these three are the only patients that were given the AIDS antidote. ────27 Descriptions and Explanations Critical thinkers need toRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagessays what he wants. I like him. He s the leader of an army. But he also cares. He was sending me text messages all the time in Inter asking how I was feeling. He s the opposite of Guardiola. If Mourinho lights up a room, Guardiola pulls the blinds. I guess Guardiola now tried to measure up to him. It s not Mourinho we are facing. It s Inter, he said, like we thought we d play ball with the coach. And then he pulled his philosophy crap. I was barely listening. Why would I? It was advanced

Charlotte Bronte Essay Example For Students

Charlotte Bronte Essay In her poem Stanzas, author Charlotte Bronte employs the literary devices of imagery, mood, and repetition in order to successfully add depth and meaning. These instruments are aided by careful and skillful word choice as well as by other literary tools such as alliteration and assonance. Together, these devices work together to produce a complex and masterful collection of verse and thus fulfill the authors intentions of creating a thought-provoking and meaningful piece. In this piece, mood is used to develop greater intensity and complexity through its establishment and subsequent shifts in character. The author uses carefully chosen words and phrases in both the creation of the desired sentiment and in the introduction of modifications in its nature. The mood changes several times throughout the poem, and each variation is skillfully planned and implemented through the use of imagery and diction. The composition begins in a soft and soothing mood with the use of words like calm, placid, serene, and sweet. Imagery of this same nature is exemplified in phrases regarding heaven, summer, and soft and golden light in the second and third stanzas, and again in the fifth stanza with sunset soft and moonlight mild. This smooth and mellow ambiance is also established by the use of alliteration in the first stanza with the words days decline, and again in the third stanza with the phrases breezeless boughs and birds belated. A shift in the mood of the poem occurs in the third stanza, along with a change in the lighting; as dusk falls, the mood of the poem becomes more somber, but is still soothing and mellow. This more depressed feel is created through the authors use of words like gloom, silent, and breezeless. These terms invoke images of loneliness and emptiness and thus successfully establish a more melancholy sentiment. However, towards the end of this third stanza the mood is again uplifted with the imagery describing a soft and golden light and unclouded sky, which continues throughout the fourth stanza until it is abruptly shifted again with the use of an exclamation point at the end of the last line. This punctuation creates a break in the smoothness of the piece, and allows for the introduction of a more passionate and distressed tone in the beginning of the following stanza. Word choice and description again play an integral role in the development of such a mood, and words like longing and pain invoke thoughts of anguish and unrequited emotion until the originally calm mood is more or less restored in the last six lines. In the sixth stanza, a more intense and anguished mood is again created through the use of diction like strong, rapture, throb, and through imagery like transient flower and deaths congealing power. The pinnacle of intensity and urgency is reached in the final stanza, its establishment solidified with phrases including dying hour, lifes expiring breath, and forehead cold in death. However, the preceding soft and tranquil mood is abruptly established once again in the last four lines with the use of the expressions sound my sleep, heart should beat, and one pulse. Diction also plays a role in the recreation of this tone, as the words sweet and true also add to its restoration. This final shift in mood brings the piece back to its original quality and feeling, which provides it with a continuous flow and constant nature.

The Anti-Pornography Feminist Movement Essays -

The Anti-Pornography Feminist Movement The Anti-Pornography Feminist Movement ?I don't need statistics to tell me that there is a relationship between pornography and real violence. My body remembers.? This chilling testimony from a female rape victim to a grand jury in 1983 represents the evils that pornography represents in the United States. There are strong correlations between sex crimes and pornography that have divided feminists over whether free speech is worth the sheer magnitude of sex-crime victims. Free speech is protected by the First Amendment and most people have differing views on its meaning. One thing that cannot be ignored is the fact that 90% of sexual offenders have used pornography ?frequently.? I believe that the anti-pornography movement is not only just, but essential. I would like to explore various aspects of the anti-pornography movement including the history, players, rhetoric and the impact. I believe that shedding light on the ways that pornography effects human beings, we will feel differently about the ?freedom of speech.? In the 1960's and 1970's, debates over pornography mirrored the counter-culture's battle with conservative values. The 1969 case Stanley v. Georgia, ?community standards? were challenged and the court upheld the civil rights for consumers to possess pornography in their homes. However, the 1970's brought about the VCR and feminists began to redefine pornography to explore the impact of the porn industry on women and their place in society. Though many feminists were frightened by the prospect that they may be working hand in hand with conservatives to regulate this practice, many women jumped to action when new surveys and statistics were revealed about pornography and women. To most of these women, the immorality was not the sexual content, but its violation of a woman's dignity, a lie about who women are and what they want. Out of these theories, writers like Andrea Dworkin, Catherine MacKinnon and Dr. Diana Russell founded and encouraged many anti-porn groups around the country. Though movements against pornography had existed prior to feminist anti-pornography groups, they were previously conservative or moral majority inspired. Then came groups such as the Anti-Porn Feminists (APFEM) and the Women Against Violence in Pornography in the Media (WAVPM). These groups had limited following because of the feminist ideology of freedom of speech and expression. Due to this lack of agreement on terms and standards, the supporters have never been centralized. Supporters may be varied and polarized but most believe that there is a real problem and there must be suitable action. The reason that this movement exists are due to findings of surveys and studies as well as testimony of women who have suffered from pornography at one time or another. The studies are varied and numerous. To provide examples of these surveys I would like to illustrate the findings of several of them. The first finding comes from a 1983 study by Edward Donnerstein. He polled male high-school and college students on 37 states and came to the following conclusion. 25% to 30% of male students who admit that there is some likelihood that they would rape a woman if the could be assured of getting away with it, increases to 57% after exposure to sexually violent images depicting women enjoying rape. This means that as a result of one brief exposure to pornography, the number of males who are willing to consider rape as a plausible act for them actually doubles. On such brief exposure to pornography also increases male subjects' acceptance of rape myths and interpersonal violence against women. This essentially means that porn viewers have lower inhibitions than exist in the absence of pornography. They are more likely to act out violent desires and fantasies including submissive and domination sex. This evidence is overwhelmingly supported by a follow-up study from an independent source. Larry Baron and Murray Straus undertook a 50-state correlation analysis in1984 about the rates of rape as they relate to pornographic magazines. The eight pornographic magazines with the highest circulation are Playboy, Penthouse, Chic, Forum, Gallery, Genesis, Oui and Hustler. A highly significant correlation was found between the reported rape rates and the readership of pornographic materials. According to the findings, a ratio of +64% was found in men who read pornographic material that those who had little or no exposure. However, out of this survey came more shocking results. The levels of rape were higher in regions that had few or no laws governing the sales and distribution of pornographic material. This is evidence that legal intervention may be directly related to rape in an